Ingenuity's Blueprints, Into History's Dustbin
Tonight, at least 30 large recycling bins are sitting in a driveway near the patent office's public search room, crammed with documents ready for destruction.
A few random swoops into the bins produce aged prints of patent documents dated from the 1880's and 90's, with spidery intricate sketches of inventions.
Four of the reproductions have the name T. A. Edison at the top of the page.
That's Thomas Alva Edison, the inventor of the light bulb and the holder of more than 1,000 United States patents. One of the sketches retrieved from the dust bin of bureaucracy is of Mr. Edison's "dynamo electric machine or motor," patented March 15, 1892.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/30/national/30PATE.html
Sunday, December 30, 2001
Saturday, December 29, 2001
Missile Defense: The Untold Story
The concept at the heart of nuclear strategy is deterrence, which means that our ability to obliterate the enemy prevents him from doing something rash. It is generally accepted that our nuclear strength deterred the Soviet Union from raining nuclear warheads on America. But preventing Armageddon was not the main purpose of our nuclear forces. The foremost purpose was to stop the Soviet Union from sending its superior non-nuclear armies into Western Europe. By deliberately leaving open the possibility that we would go nuclear if Soviet tanks crossed the Fulda Gap into West Germany, we deterred the Soviets from beginning a conventional war in Europe. Would we in fact have risked decimating the planet to save Europe? Maybe not, but the Soviets could never be sure.
The schemers in the current debate fear that any nation with a few nuclear weapons can do to us what we did to the Soviets — deter us from projecting our vastly superior conventional forces into the world. This could mean Iraq or North Korea or Iran, but it most importantly means China. The real logic of missile defense, to these advocates, is not to defend but to protect our freedom to attack.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/opinion/29KELL.html
The concept at the heart of nuclear strategy is deterrence, which means that our ability to obliterate the enemy prevents him from doing something rash. It is generally accepted that our nuclear strength deterred the Soviet Union from raining nuclear warheads on America. But preventing Armageddon was not the main purpose of our nuclear forces. The foremost purpose was to stop the Soviet Union from sending its superior non-nuclear armies into Western Europe. By deliberately leaving open the possibility that we would go nuclear if Soviet tanks crossed the Fulda Gap into West Germany, we deterred the Soviets from beginning a conventional war in Europe. Would we in fact have risked decimating the planet to save Europe? Maybe not, but the Soviets could never be sure.
The schemers in the current debate fear that any nation with a few nuclear weapons can do to us what we did to the Soviets — deter us from projecting our vastly superior conventional forces into the world. This could mean Iraq or North Korea or Iran, but it most importantly means China. The real logic of missile defense, to these advocates, is not to defend but to protect our freedom to attack.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/opinion/29KELL.html
43,000 Students With Drug Convictions Face Denial of Aid
"Far more serious crimes do not carry the automatic denial of student aid," a senior vice president of the council, Terry Hartle, said.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/education/29AID.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
"Far more serious crimes do not carry the automatic denial of student aid," a senior vice president of the council, Terry Hartle, said.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/education/29AID.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
Friday, December 28, 2001
OJR Reporter's Toolbox: Effects of Sanctions on Iraq
Trustworthy studies that may trigger the next war
http://ojr.usc.edu/content/story.cfm?request=675
Trustworthy studies that may trigger the next war
http://ojr.usc.edu/content/story.cfm?request=675
This Is Not a Test
The nub of the problem today is that India is behaving as if it and Pakistan were still two-bit countries. Talk to Indian officials and journalists, and the same refrain arises: Americans are destroying terrorists in Afghanistan and Israelis are swatting militants in the West Bank, so why can't we whack Pakistan for the attack on our Parliament building?
Such comments underscore how completely India misunderstands its position today. There is a double standard in international affairs, and India had better recognize it quickly. It is this: Major powers periodically invade minor countries that irritate them, but they do not lightly mess with other nuclear states.
For a variety of reasons, most of them foolish and having to do with national prestige, India created a nuclear arms race in South Asia. Having pulled both itself and Pakistan into the nuclear club, India has to calm down and engage Pakistan with the same terrified delicacy with which the United States, Russia and China treat each other.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/28/opinion/28KRIS.html
The nub of the problem today is that India is behaving as if it and Pakistan were still two-bit countries. Talk to Indian officials and journalists, and the same refrain arises: Americans are destroying terrorists in Afghanistan and Israelis are swatting militants in the West Bank, so why can't we whack Pakistan for the attack on our Parliament building?
Such comments underscore how completely India misunderstands its position today. There is a double standard in international affairs, and India had better recognize it quickly. It is this: Major powers periodically invade minor countries that irritate them, but they do not lightly mess with other nuclear states.
For a variety of reasons, most of them foolish and having to do with national prestige, India created a nuclear arms race in South Asia. Having pulled both itself and Pakistan into the nuclear club, India has to calm down and engage Pakistan with the same terrified delicacy with which the United States, Russia and China treat each other.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/28/opinion/28KRIS.html
Critics' Attack on Tribunals Turns to Law Among Nations
…some critics say the president's order includes so many provisions violating the Geneva Conventions that it would be difficult for the regulations to meet the conventions' requirements. Michael J. Kelly, an international-law specialist at Creighton University School of Law, in Omaha, said a line-by-line comparison showed many such instances. For example, he said, the president's assuming the authority to make the final decision on the disposition of each case is in direct conflict with the third Geneva Convention's provision that no prisoner be tried by a court that fails to offer "the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality."
Further, the convention guarantees prisoners a right of appeal, while the president's order seems to bar it. And the convention guarantees a defense counsel of the prisoner's choice, where the president's order, while authorizing defense lawyers, does not say whether the prisoner can choose his own.
Some of the critics, including Jordan J. Paust of the University of Houston Law Center, who has taught at the Army's military law school, said the president appeared to have concluded that it was assaults on civilian targets like the World Trade Center that made the attackers unlawful combatants.
The trouble with that analysis, Mr. Paust said, is that it give terrorists the ability to claim that under international law, attacks on military targets like the Pentagon and the destroyer Cole are lawful acts of combat.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/26/national/26LAW.htmlpagewanted=all
…some critics say the president's order includes so many provisions violating the Geneva Conventions that it would be difficult for the regulations to meet the conventions' requirements. Michael J. Kelly, an international-law specialist at Creighton University School of Law, in Omaha, said a line-by-line comparison showed many such instances. For example, he said, the president's assuming the authority to make the final decision on the disposition of each case is in direct conflict with the third Geneva Convention's provision that no prisoner be tried by a court that fails to offer "the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality."
Further, the convention guarantees prisoners a right of appeal, while the president's order seems to bar it. And the convention guarantees a defense counsel of the prisoner's choice, where the president's order, while authorizing defense lawyers, does not say whether the prisoner can choose his own.
Some of the critics, including Jordan J. Paust of the University of Houston Law Center, who has taught at the Army's military law school, said the president appeared to have concluded that it was assaults on civilian targets like the World Trade Center that made the attackers unlawful combatants.
The trouble with that analysis, Mr. Paust said, is that it give terrorists the ability to claim that under international law, attacks on military targets like the Pentagon and the destroyer Cole are lawful acts of combat.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/26/national/26LAW.htmlpagewanted=all
Monday, December 24, 2001
Christmas Dinner for 1,000
Americans have been waging war on the poor for a long time. The late- 90's boom shielded this shameful practice for awhile, but now, with unemployment rising and welfare time limits kicking in, the signs of distress are becoming more and more visible.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24HERB.html
Americans have been waging war on the poor for a long time. The late- 90's boom shielded this shameful practice for awhile, but now, with unemployment rising and welfare time limits kicking in, the signs of distress are becoming more and more visible.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24HERB.html
Betrayed by the White House
Last month, Congress overwhelmingly approved a provision, added to a spending bill, that would have prevented federal agencies from opposing civil lawsuits by former prisoners of war against Japanese individuals or corporations. The White House succeeded in having the provision struck in a conference committee; the Bush administration feared it might interfere with gathering international support for the war on terrorism. A week later, on the 60th anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Bush and his father paid glowing tribute to the memory of World War II veterans. The president compared the Sept. 11 tragedy to Japan's surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941, while his father announced that "duty, honor, country" still prevail.
This behavior reveals a stunning double standard. The United States government aggressively supported claims of European victims of wartime forced labor. The end result was a $5.2 billion fund to settle claims. But for American victims in the Pacific Theater the United States has taken the side of Japanese companies — including Mitsubishi, Mitsui and Nippon Steel — against the roughly 5,000 Americans still alive of the 36,000 servicemen used as slave labor during World War II.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24CHAN.html?todaysheadlines
Last month, Congress overwhelmingly approved a provision, added to a spending bill, that would have prevented federal agencies from opposing civil lawsuits by former prisoners of war against Japanese individuals or corporations. The White House succeeded in having the provision struck in a conference committee; the Bush administration feared it might interfere with gathering international support for the war on terrorism. A week later, on the 60th anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Bush and his father paid glowing tribute to the memory of World War II veterans. The president compared the Sept. 11 tragedy to Japan's surprise attack on Dec. 7, 1941, while his father announced that "duty, honor, country" still prevail.
This behavior reveals a stunning double standard. The United States government aggressively supported claims of European victims of wartime forced labor. The end result was a $5.2 billion fund to settle claims. But for American victims in the Pacific Theater the United States has taken the side of Japanese companies — including Mitsubishi, Mitsui and Nippon Steel — against the roughly 5,000 Americans still alive of the 36,000 servicemen used as slave labor during World War II.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24CHAN.html?todaysheadlines
Threat of National ID
All of us are willing to give up some of our personal privacy in return for greater safety. That's why we gladly suffer the pat-downs and "wanding" at airports, and show a local photo ID before boarding. Such precautions contribute to our peace of mind.
However, the fear of terror attack is being exploited by law enforcement sweeping for suspects as well as by commercial marketers seeking prospects. It has emboldened the zealots of intrusion to press for the holy grail of snoopery — a mandatory national ID.
Police unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual's home have already developed heat sensors to let them look inside people's houses. The federal "Carnivore" surveillance system feeds on your meatiest e- mail. Think you can encrypt your way to privacy? The Justice Department is proud of its new "Magic Lantern": all attempts by computer owners to encode their messages can now be overwhelmed by an electronic bug the F.B.I. can plant on your keyboard to read every stroke.
But in the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States — under penalty of law — to carry what the totalitarians used to call "papers."
The plastic card would not merely show a photograph, signature and address, as driver's licenses do. That's only the beginning. In time, and with exquisite refinements, the card would contain not only a fingerprint, description of DNA and the details of your eye's iris, but a host of other information about you.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24SAFI.html?todaysheadlinesID
All of us are willing to give up some of our personal privacy in return for greater safety. That's why we gladly suffer the pat-downs and "wanding" at airports, and show a local photo ID before boarding. Such precautions contribute to our peace of mind.
However, the fear of terror attack is being exploited by law enforcement sweeping for suspects as well as by commercial marketers seeking prospects. It has emboldened the zealots of intrusion to press for the holy grail of snoopery — a mandatory national ID.
Police unconcerned with the sanctity of an individual's home have already developed heat sensors to let them look inside people's houses. The federal "Carnivore" surveillance system feeds on your meatiest e- mail. Think you can encrypt your way to privacy? The Justice Department is proud of its new "Magic Lantern": all attempts by computer owners to encode their messages can now be overwhelmed by an electronic bug the F.B.I. can plant on your keyboard to read every stroke.
But in the dreams of Big Brother and his cousin, Big Marketing, nothing can compare to forcing every person in the United States — under penalty of law — to carry what the totalitarians used to call "papers."
The plastic card would not merely show a photograph, signature and address, as driver's licenses do. That's only the beginning. In time, and with exquisite refinements, the card would contain not only a fingerprint, description of DNA and the details of your eye's iris, but a host of other information about you.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/24/opinion/24SAFI.html?todaysheadlinesID
Saturday, December 22, 2001
Sweep of Foreign Men Half-Finished as Deadline Passes
But Louis Massery, president of the Middle Eastern Lawyers Association in Boston,
criticized the project as an effort to make up for "the failure of the F.B.I. to do
investigative work following the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993."
"The F.B.I. did a great job investigating the Mafia, by using good investigative
techniques," Mr. Massery said. "They didn't interview everyone with Italian surnames."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/22/national/22QUES.html
But Louis Massery, president of the Middle Eastern Lawyers Association in Boston,
criticized the project as an effort to make up for "the failure of the F.B.I. to do
investigative work following the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993."
"The F.B.I. did a great job investigating the Mafia, by using good investigative
techniques," Mr. Massery said. "They didn't interview everyone with Italian surnames."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/22/national/22QUES.html
Friday, December 21, 2001
Anthrax Report
A Compilation of Evidence and Comments on the Source of the Mailed Anthrax
Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, Federation of American Scientists
revised December 10, 2001
NOTE: UPDATING OF THIS ANALYSIS HAS BEEN SUSPENDED TEMPORARILY AS THE
INVESTIGATION APPROACHES A CRITICAL PHASE. MUCH NEW INFORMATION HAS
BECOME AVAILABLE IN THE PERIOD 10-16 DECEMBER. (SEE REFERENCES ON THIS
WEBSITE FOR ONGOING COVERAGE)
All the available evidence indicates that the source of the mailed anthrax, or the
information and materials to make it, is a US government program
Anthrax Report
A Compilation of Evidence and Comments on the Source of the Mailed Anthrax
Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, Federation of American Scientists
revised December 10, 2001
NOTE: UPDATING OF THIS ANALYSIS HAS BEEN SUSPENDED TEMPORARILY AS THE
INVESTIGATION APPROACHES A CRITICAL PHASE. MUCH NEW INFORMATION HAS
BECOME AVAILABLE IN THE PERIOD 10-16 DECEMBER. (SEE REFERENCES ON THIS
WEBSITE FOR ONGOING COVERAGE)
All the available evidence indicates that the source of the mailed anthrax, or the
information and materials to make it, is a US government program
Anthrax Report
The Art of Knowing the Enemy
At home, law-enforcement officials refer to Mohamed Atta, suspected as the ringleader of the Sept. 11 hijackers, as a criminal mastermind rather than as a military lieutenant dutifully following orders. The men he led are called suicide attackers, as if they were puppets afflicted with some sort of self-destructive psychosis rather than troops employing what is an extreme but by no means unusual military tactic: sacrificing their own handful of lives to achieve an overall objective deemed vital to their cause.
This basic error in profiling — treating terrorists as criminals rather than as soldiers — is the source from which other errors have sprung and continue to flow. What sane man, our officials have reasoned, abandons a loving family to engage in a suicidal crime? So the attackers must be insane. Yet would those same American officials and analysts make similar pronouncements about our own special forces troops who have died in high-risk operations? The willingness to sacrifice one's own life is not, in the context of military psychology, a foolproof gauge of mental imbalance. It can just as often — perhaps far more often — be evidence of a deep commitment.
Our lack of understanding of these men has even colored our interpretation of the bin Laden videotape. Even among anti-bin Laden Muslim commentators, there has been little if any suggestion that his occasional chuckling on the tape is intended as mockery of the Qaeda members who died in the attacks, as American officials characterized it. Rather, he is seen as expressing awe at the extent of their discipline and the damage they inflicted — just as Americans might quietly and admiringly chuckle at the amazing bravery and effectiveness of their own dead soldiers.
The mistaken ideas that Mr. bin Laden is scoffing at his followers and that the average Islamic terrorist is an unbalanced, suicidal misfit are more than just useless: this sort of profiling actively hampers the kind of genuine understanding that will help American citizens engage in constructive discrimination between those few Muslims who may be dangerous and the far greater number who have been placed under the pall of suspicion simply by virtue of their names, their nationalities and their religion.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/opinion/21CARR.html
At home, law-enforcement officials refer to Mohamed Atta, suspected as the ringleader of the Sept. 11 hijackers, as a criminal mastermind rather than as a military lieutenant dutifully following orders. The men he led are called suicide attackers, as if they were puppets afflicted with some sort of self-destructive psychosis rather than troops employing what is an extreme but by no means unusual military tactic: sacrificing their own handful of lives to achieve an overall objective deemed vital to their cause.
This basic error in profiling — treating terrorists as criminals rather than as soldiers — is the source from which other errors have sprung and continue to flow. What sane man, our officials have reasoned, abandons a loving family to engage in a suicidal crime? So the attackers must be insane. Yet would those same American officials and analysts make similar pronouncements about our own special forces troops who have died in high-risk operations? The willingness to sacrifice one's own life is not, in the context of military psychology, a foolproof gauge of mental imbalance. It can just as often — perhaps far more often — be evidence of a deep commitment.
Our lack of understanding of these men has even colored our interpretation of the bin Laden videotape. Even among anti-bin Laden Muslim commentators, there has been little if any suggestion that his occasional chuckling on the tape is intended as mockery of the Qaeda members who died in the attacks, as American officials characterized it. Rather, he is seen as expressing awe at the extent of their discipline and the damage they inflicted — just as Americans might quietly and admiringly chuckle at the amazing bravery and effectiveness of their own dead soldiers.
The mistaken ideas that Mr. bin Laden is scoffing at his followers and that the average Islamic terrorist is an unbalanced, suicidal misfit are more than just useless: this sort of profiling actively hampers the kind of genuine understanding that will help American citizens engage in constructive discrimination between those few Muslims who may be dangerous and the far greater number who have been placed under the pall of suspicion simply by virtue of their names, their nationalities and their religion.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/opinion/21CARR.html
Léopold Senghor Dies at 95; Senegal's Poet of Négritude
Senghor's `New York'
New York! At first your
beauty confused me, and your great
longlegged golden girls.
I was so timid at first under your blue
metallic eyes, your frosty smile
So timid. And the disquiet in the
depth of your skyscraper streets
Lifting up owl eyes in the sun's eclipse.
Your sulfurous light and the livid
shafts (their heads dumbfounding the
sky)
Skyscrapers defying cyclones on
their muscles of steel and their
weathered stone skins.
But a fortnight on the bald sidewalks
of Manhattan
— At the end of the third week, the
fever takes you with the pounce of a
jaguar
A fortnight with no well or pasture,
all the birds of the air
Fall suddenly dead below the high
ashes of the terraces.
…
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/international/africa/21SENG.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
Senghor's `New York'
New York! At first your
beauty confused me, and your great
longlegged golden girls.
I was so timid at first under your blue
metallic eyes, your frosty smile
So timid. And the disquiet in the
depth of your skyscraper streets
Lifting up owl eyes in the sun's eclipse.
Your sulfurous light and the livid
shafts (their heads dumbfounding the
sky)
Skyscrapers defying cyclones on
their muscles of steel and their
weathered stone skins.
But a fortnight on the bald sidewalks
of Manhattan
— At the end of the third week, the
fever takes you with the pounce of a
jaguar
A fortnight with no well or pasture,
all the birds of the air
Fall suddenly dead below the high
ashes of the terraces.
…
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/international/africa/21SENG.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
Hamas Orders Halt to Suicide Bombings
Arafat's crackdown on militants -- his security forces have arrested dozens of suspects and shut down some Hamas offices and mortar factories -- has been accompanied by bloody confrontations. Since Thursday, six Palestinians have been killed and at least 94 hurt in gun battles between militants and Palestinian police.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Israel-Palestinians.html
Arafat's crackdown on militants -- his security forces have arrested dozens of suspects and shut down some Hamas offices and mortar factories -- has been accompanied by bloody confrontations. Since Thursday, six Palestinians have been killed and at least 94 hurt in gun battles between militants and Palestinian police.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Israel-Palestinians.html
In Sacramento, a Publisher's Questions Draw the Wrath of the Crowd
"It was scary," said Bob Buckley, a computer sciences professor and president of the faculty senate. "For the first time in my life, I can see how something like the Japanese internment camps could happen in our country."
…
"We've always known that if you took the Bill of Rights to the street and asked most people to sign it, you would be unable to get a majority of Americans to do so," said Ramona Ripston, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union chapter in Los Angeles.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/education/21CALI.html
"It was scary," said Bob Buckley, a computer sciences professor and president of the faculty senate. "For the first time in my life, I can see how something like the Japanese internment camps could happen in our country."
…
"We've always known that if you took the Bill of Rights to the street and asked most people to sign it, you would be unable to get a majority of Americans to do so," said Ramona Ripston, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union chapter in Los Angeles.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/21/education/21CALI.html
Thursday, December 20, 2001
Bombing That Killed 5 Children a Mistake, Says Israel
The Israeli military acknowledged Thursday that its troops made a ``professional mistake'' when they planted a bomb that killed five Palestinian school children in the Gaza Strip.
Several officers will be reprimanded, the military said in a statement.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Israel-Military.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
The Israeli military acknowledged Thursday that its troops made a ``professional mistake'' when they planted a bomb that killed five Palestinian school children in the Gaza Strip.
Several officers will be reprimanded, the military said in a statement.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Israel-Military.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
Tuesday, December 18, 2001
New Wave of the Homeless Floods Cities' Shelters
A survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors released last week found that requests for emergency shelter in 27 cities had increased an average of 13 percent over last year. The report said the increases were 26 percent in Trenton; 25 percent in Kansas City, Mo.; 22 percent in Chicago; 20 percent in Denver; and 20 percent in New Orleans.
An unusual confluence of factors seems to be responsible for the surge. Housing prices, which soared in the expansion of the 1990's, have not gone down, even though the economy has tumbled. A stream of layoffs has newly unemployed people taking low-wage jobs that might have otherwise gone to the poor. Benefits for welfare recipients are expiring under government-imposed deadlines. And charitable donations to programs that help the disadvantaged are down considerably, officials around the country said, because of the economy and the outpouring of donations for people affected by Sept. 11.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/18/national/18HOME.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
A survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors released last week found that requests for emergency shelter in 27 cities had increased an average of 13 percent over last year. The report said the increases were 26 percent in Trenton; 25 percent in Kansas City, Mo.; 22 percent in Chicago; 20 percent in Denver; and 20 percent in New Orleans.
An unusual confluence of factors seems to be responsible for the surge. Housing prices, which soared in the expansion of the 1990's, have not gone down, even though the economy has tumbled. A stream of layoffs has newly unemployed people taking low-wage jobs that might have otherwise gone to the poor. Benefits for welfare recipients are expiring under government-imposed deadlines. And charitable donations to programs that help the disadvantaged are down considerably, officials around the country said, because of the economy and the outpouring of donations for people affected by Sept. 11.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/18/national/18HOME.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
Monday, December 17, 2001
Arafat Trying to Prove He Is Still 'Relevant'
"Arafat is not yet finished, as Sharon claims," said the Israeli foreign minister, Shimon Peres, who has argued to the prime minister, in vain, that talking to Mr. Arafat is in Israel's best interest.
Perhaps one of Mr. Arafat's greater strengths now is that even Palestinian critics, people who regard him as dictatorial and incompetent, are rallying to his side. They resent what they see as an Israeli attempt to dictate who should lead them, despite the insistence of Mr. Sharon's lieutenants that they have no such intention.
"As long as he is relevant to his people, he has to be relevant to the outside world," said Ghassan Khatib, a Palestinian political analyst.
Hanan Ashrawi, a well-known Palestinian spokeswoman, said in an interview conducted before the latest Israeli action that Israel had a "patronizing" habit of trying to decide "which Palestinian leader is kosher and which Palestinian leader isn't."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/international/17ARAF.html
"Arafat is not yet finished, as Sharon claims," said the Israeli foreign minister, Shimon Peres, who has argued to the prime minister, in vain, that talking to Mr. Arafat is in Israel's best interest.
Perhaps one of Mr. Arafat's greater strengths now is that even Palestinian critics, people who regard him as dictatorial and incompetent, are rallying to his side. They resent what they see as an Israeli attempt to dictate who should lead them, despite the insistence of Mr. Sharon's lieutenants that they have no such intention.
"As long as he is relevant to his people, he has to be relevant to the outside world," said Ghassan Khatib, a Palestinian political analyst.
Hanan Ashrawi, a well-known Palestinian spokeswoman, said in an interview conducted before the latest Israeli action that Israel had a "patronizing" habit of trying to decide "which Palestinian leader is kosher and which Palestinian leader isn't."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/international/17ARAF.html
School Defies the Odds and Offers a Lesson
"How many effective schools do we have to see in this country before we conclude that it's not the kids?" asked Kati Haycock, executive director of Education Trust. She quoted Ron Edmonds, an education researcher, who said, "If your answer is more than one, then I submit that you have reasons of your own for preferring to believe that pupil performance derives from family background instead of school response to family background."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/education/17EDUC.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
"How many effective schools do we have to see in this country before we conclude that it's not the kids?" asked Kati Haycock, executive director of Education Trust. She quoted Ron Edmonds, an education researcher, who said, "If your answer is more than one, then I submit that you have reasons of your own for preferring to believe that pupil performance derives from family background instead of school response to family background."
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/17/education/17EDUC.html?todaysheadlines&pagewanted=all
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